Private health expenditures and environmental quality
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
[Private health expenditures in Brazil].
The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 established that health is “a duty of the State” and “a right of the citizen”. According to the law, every citizen is entitled to use the Brazilian Unified National Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS), in line with their social needs, regardless of their ability to pay, occupational status or health conditions. To ensure universal care, the St...
متن کاملEstimating the Share and Elasticity of Substitution for Public and Private Health Expenditures in Iran
Background: The rate of substitution for private and public health expenditures is one of the factors that can explain the different effects of public and private health expenditures on health and life expectancy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the return to scale, share, and elasticity of the substitution for public and private health expenditures in Iran. Methods: In th...
متن کاملPrivate Medical Care Expenditures and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–60
PRIVATE expenditures for medical care in the United St,ates amounted in 1060 to $10.6 billion. This total was nearly $1.6 billion more than that spent in 1059. The data presented here for 1060 represent a continuation of a series of annual estimates made by the Division of Program Research and published each year, generally in the December issue of the BULLETIN. Slight adjustments have been mad...
متن کاملPrivate Medical Care Expenditures and Voluntary Health Insurance, 1948–61
THE NATION’S private consumer expenditures for medical care amounted in 1961 to $21.1 billion$1.3 billion or approximately 7 percent more than the amount spent in 1960. Direct out-of-pocket payments by consumers amounted to $14.4 billion or 68 percent of the total. The balance of $6.7 billion, representing payments for health insurance, was $832 million or 14 percent greater than the amount spe...
متن کاملFinancing health services in Poland: new evidence on private expenditures.
This paper estimates total expenditure on health care in Poland in 1994 and provides new evidence on high levels of private spending on health care. The analysis shows that health care expenditures in Poland are higher than has usually been maintained, and are comparable with the prevailing levels in many other European countries. Private expenditure on health is a significant proportion of tot...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Economics
سال: 2017
ISSN: 1864-6042
DOI: 10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2017-3